The Effect of Operational Efficiency, Credit Risk, and Revenue Diversification on the Profitability of Commercial Banks
Keywords:
Operational Efficiency; Credit Risk; Revenue Diversification; Profitability; Commercial BanksAbstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of operational efficiency, credit risk, and income diversification on the profitability of conventional commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2022–2024. Profitability is measured using Return on Assets (ROA), while operational efficiency is proxied by Total Asset Turnover (TATO), credit risk by Gross Non-Performing Loans (NPL), and income diversification by Fee-Based Income (FBI). This study uses a quantitative approach with a causal associative method. The data used is secondary data in the form of annual bank financial reports obtained from the official websites of the IDX and the Financial Services Authority. The sampling technique was carried out using purposive sampling, resulting in 105 observations during the research period. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS version 23 software, accompanied by classical assumption tests, partial tests (t-tests), and determination coefficients. The results showed that, partially, operational efficiency (t = 2.728, p = 0.008) and income diversification (t = 4.064, p = 0.000) had a positive and significant effect on profitability, while credit risk (t = -7.393, p = 0.000) had a negative and significant effect on profitability. The regression model demonstrates strong explanatory power with an Adjusted R-Square of 0.586, indicating that 58.6% of the variation in bank profitability can be explained by the three independent variables. These findings indicate that banks' ability to manage assets efficiently, maintain credit quality, and develop non-interest income are important factors in improving the profitability of conventional commercial banks amid the dynamics of economic recovery.
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